Scientific Abstract Smoking And Alcohol Consumption

Scientific Abstract Smoking and alcohol consumption are well established as risk factors regarding oral cancer incidence. Previous studies indicated a possible additive effect of alcohol and tobacco on oral cancer risk, yet no observational studies in the last 25 years have accounted for their interaction. This study was initiated to elucidate smoking and drinking single, joint and interactive effects on oral cancer incidence. A hospital-based observational study collected patient data using questionnaires from 4 Sao Paulo, Brazil, hospitals, November 1998 to December 2008. Patients were recruited based on having squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx. Using 1,144 cases and 1,661 controls, age, gender and schooling level effects were assessed using logistic regression, and variables with significant odds ratios (ORs) for oral cancer were included in the models as confounders. Individual and joint effects of smoking and drinking on oral cancer risk were also assessed by logistic regress ion using ORs based on two types of analyses (models). In the first, exposure variables drinking and smoking were treated as binary (never, reference group; ever, risk group), and in the second categorized into three levels (never, reference group; level-1 and level-2, risk groups). Results indicated that independent effect of drinking was not associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancer, while the independent effect of smoking remained significantly associated with theShow MoreRelatedPreterm Births : Causes And Effects3044 Words   |  13 PagesOF CONTENTS Title Page Number Abstract 2 Introduction 3-4 Causes of Preterm Births 5 The Effects of Previous Preterm Deliveries and Cesarean Sections on Current Pregnancies 5-6 The Correlation Between Maternal Infections and Preterm Birth 7 The Effects of Environmental Factors on the Risk of Preterm Births 8 The Correlation Between Maternal Consumption of Drugs and Alcohol on Birth Outcomes 9 Prevention 10 Conclusion 11 References 12 1 Abstract Preterm births are the leading reasonRead MoreThe Treatment Of Cancer Treatment3814 Words   |  16 PagesAbstract Cancer is a crucial health concern around the world. 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